The adrenal medulla may receive input from higher-order cognitive centers in the prefrontal cortex as well as the sensory and motor cortices, suggesting the relationship to psychosomatic illnesses.Ĭhromaffin cells are derived from the embryonic neural crest.Ĭhromaffin cells are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system.Ĭhromaffin cells have lost their axons and dendrites, and receive innervation from corresponding preganglionic fibers.Ĭhromaffin cells cluster around capillaries where they release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood. The adrenal medulla therefore affects energy availability, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate. The adrenal medulla cells grouped around blood vessels are intimately connected with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).Īdrenal medullary cells are modified postganglionic neurons, and preganglionic autonomic nerve fibers lead to them directly from the central nervous system. ![]() ![]() The catecholamines include: epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine, in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines. ![]() The adrenal medulla is located at the center of the adrenal gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex.
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